Wax resin compositions and conductors insulated therewith



m 'zzmasmssv SEARCHR *W f r. June22,1948.

G. J. BOHRER 2,443,887 i In RESIN COMPOSITIONS AND CONDUCTORS .3

$131915 *QRWSSINGNXRN. v. 1. A Y.

I CONDUCTOR.

A .v INSULATION COMPRSING PERMEABLE 4 w MATERIAL, E.G.,ASBESTOS1 COATED AND AT LEAST PARTLY IMPREGNATED v WITH A COMPOSlTION COMPRISING A N 7 .CHLORlNE-CONTAINING RESIN AND A.

- I CHLORINE-CONTAINING WAX.

v I 4 ifl'jjv ilrl ll'y 19 /75 I 1", N a

-- 4 T I SHEET 0F PERMEABLEMATERIAL,aegAsssrosf11 1f:1,.H I

1 COATED AND AT LEAST PARTLYIMPREGNATED WITH I A COMPOSITION COMPRISING A CHLORINE-CONTMN- ms RESIN ANDACHLORiNE-CONTAINING WAX.

Inventor: George J. Bohren by Ma.

His Attorn ey OR IN l'M/IZISF:

,- .......,,.=zz, 1948 g i 2,443,887

wax masm COMPOSITIONS AND con nuc'roas mam-ran rmzaawn'n George J. Bohrer, Troy, N. Y., assignor to Genexralklilectrio Company, a corporation of New I or Application my 4, 1945, Serial No. 603,239

"14 Claims. (01. 114-121) This invention relates to new and useful comgredients including tetrachlorophthalic acid or positions of matter and more particularly is conanhyride (or mixtures thereof), a glycol and a cerned with compositions comprising a homogemodifier such as defined above, the chosen glycol neous mixture of a halogen-containing resin and and modifier and the proportions of glycol, tetraahalogen-containing wax, specificallyachlorinechlorophthalic acid or anhydride (or mixtures containing resin and a chlorine-containing wax. thereof) and modifier being such that the said It may be stated with greater particularity that composition contains at least 30 per cent by the invention relates to compositions comprisweight of chlorine. The modifyin Substance ing (1) a synthetic wax obtained by eflecting reused in the preparation of the resinous compoaction, as by heating, betw'een'a"primaryaminer- 1o nent is incorporated with the glycol and chloe.' g 'propyl amine (monopropy'l' a niii'eTFt'o'z'tra-v rinated compound under heat, and at least in part A dcyl amine, aniline, etc., and a halogen-area l is chemically combined in the final product. In compound, more particularly a'chlorinated'commaking the wax, the reactants are employed in pound, which is selected from the class consisting substantially equivalent molar. proportions or -of halogenated, specifically chlorinated, phthalic with a slight molar excess of the amine reactant.

agi d s e.n d anhydrides,..e. g., mono-, di-Tf'tri-"ahd Flameproof saturating compounds for imtetrachlorophthalicacid and anhydride, and mixpregnating permeable materials, e. g., asbestos- 'tur'es thereof, and (2) a resinous"'compositlon covered fixture wire, are of two general classes:

comprising the product of reaction'o! ingredients hot-melt compounds and solution-type imincluding a glycol, e, g;', ethylene glycol, and-a 2 pregnants. The hot-melt compounds are applied halogenated compound, more particularlya chloby drawing the wire, loosely covered with carded rinated compound, as defined in (1), said'reaction asbestos. through the liquid compound at an eleproduct having incorporated therein a modifying vated temperature, usually about 130 to 150 C., substance-selected from-the class consisting of and subsequently cooling and polishing the wire. (a) fatty I o ils, (b) fatty acids having fron 10 to By this method the finished wire contains more 33 carbon atoms, inclusive, more specifically from saturating compound per unit volume than re- 1'4 to carbon atoms, inclusive, and (c) fats and salts from the solution method. Hence the rewgxes containing in free or combined state (e. quirements of flame resistance, waxiness and g., as esters) the fatty acids defined in (b). The flexibility of the insulated wire are most severe. resinous composition of (2) is thermoplastic and so In general, the requirements of a satisfactory is compatible with the synthetic wax of (l) The hot-melt impregnating compound for such appliresin imparts toughness, flexibility, abrasionand. cations as described in the preceding paragraph moisture-resistance, as well as film-forming propare as follows: g V erties, to the wax-resin composition. The synthetic wax imparts waxiness, workability and t g should be waxy i gi smoothness to the composition and to permeable mus ave very low vscos W materials e g asbestos-covered fixture wire It must be thermoplastic 4. It should have a low volatility (low loss by coated and impregnated therewith. The wax also i t decreases the viscosity of the wax-resin composi- 5 It zgf g i' ggfg g 3:5 f g fig z gsii gig ggfifgg'gg ggfi 6. It must be chemically stable at elevated temthe composition. peratures. There should be neither a Compositions having marked flame resistance fiz gii g in viscosity nor any chemposition at temperatures or the are obtained when the synthetic wax is one oborder of c or thereabouts tained by effecting reaction between tetrachloro- 4 'I. I i l phthalic acid or anhydride (or mixtures thereof) 1 3 2 3 5: 353 323 ig gggfi g and a primary amine having from 1 to 18 carbon melting point to C. atoms, inclusive, more particularly up to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive, and the resinous composi- The finished. insulated wire must be sufllciently tion is one resulting from the reaction of in- 60 flexible at 0 C. that it can be bent around its own diameter at this temperature without cracking or the insulation to the conducting core, e. g., copper wire. The flame resistance should be suificient to pass the tests of Underwriters Laboracaries, Inc.. for the flame-resisting properties or i pregnated asbestos insulation. Preferably the flame-resistance is such that a vertical length of insulated wire extinguishes its own flame after one 15-second application of a Bunsen-burner flame 5 inches high with an inner blue cone 1% inches high. The insulation must be tough and have good electrical properties, more particularly than the corresponding acid. For optimum flame high dielectric strength and good insulation resistance. The insulation must be free from tackiness, and should have a dry, waxy feeling.

The dimculty in the past in the production of hot-melt impregnating compounds has been that' a compound meeting some of the above-men tioned requirements would fail to meet other requisites. For example, flame-resisting impregnants comprising chlorinated r i aphthalenes satisfactoryin'allrespects with the exception of the non-toxicity requirement.

I have discovered that non-toxic, thermoplastic compositions suitable for use as impregnants and for a wide variety ofother applications can be produced by compounding a chlorine-containing resistance'the resin and wax should be so chosen and so. proportioned that the mixture thereof contains at least about 35 per cent by weight of chlorine. Products having some degree or flame resistance are obtained when the mixture contains as little as about per cent by weight of chlorine, but the name resistance of such products is appreciably lessthan that of mixtures containing, say, per cent or more by weight of chlorine. Either the resin or the wax may contain'abqge or below. 35 ,perb'ehfbrweightw: 20

or chlorinated biphenyls'hiy'ben more or less chlofinaprovidlng the proportions of'wax and resin areadiusted to yield a wax-resin mixture containing about 35 per cent by v v eight of chlorine.

A particularly useful impregnating compound resinand a chlorine-containingufalfcjafilEW specification. Surprisingly it was found that.

bfoadlydescribedin the secondparagraph oLthis 30 when tested on rats, the compositions of this invention are non-toxic physiologically from con- 1 tact, from ingestion or from absorption through the lungs of the vapors resulting from heating these compositions. This non-toxic property was entirely unexpected and in no way could have been predicted, since it is in striking contrast to the known toxicity of compositions comprising other chlorinated aromatic compounds, more particularly the chlorinated naphthalenes and chlorinated biphenyls. Since the rat in many of its physiological reactions has been found closely to 7' parallel man, the practical significance of my dis- 1 covery will be immediately apparent, to thoso skilledintheart.-

I have further discovered that impregnatingr:

compounds meeting all of the above-mentioned requirements, including non-toxicity, and which are adapted for use either as hot-melt impregnants or, when dissolved in a solvent. as solution,-

type impregnants, can be produced by suitable selection oi the starting components in the preparation of the resin and wax, by suitably pro-,

portioning the resin and wax, and by incorporatpregnated'fiir e to volatilize the solvent.

log into the compound a suitable amount, e. g., from about 5 to 25 per cent by weight of the z compound, us y a weight thereof, 'of a suitable"plastici'z'e'r, more particularly a flame-resisting platiciFsTcliFf6r instance, as tricresylphosphate. The plasticizerimparts flexibility, especially at low temperatures, e. g.. 0' C., to the compound and to flexible, permeable materials, e. g., fibrous materials, impreghated therewith; and, in the case of an impregnated asbestos-covered or glass fiber-covered conductor. e. g., copper wire makes it possible for the finished wire to be bent around its own diameter without cracking of the insulation to the copper.

In producing impregnating compounds of the kind described in the preceding paragraph I have found it desirable to use resins and waxes prepared i'rom highly chlorinated phthalic acid or anhydride. More particularly it is advantageous covered fixture wire, impregnated with pound either in molten state or in solution in a volatile solvent, e. g., solvent naphtha,

'hydride (or tetrachlorophthalic acid) and a mixture of primary monoamines including essentially a plurality of monoamyl amines having an 1 initial boiling point of at least 84 0., at least per cent distilling oi! below C. and a final boiling point not higher than C.: (2) about 45 to 55 per cent, specifically about 50 per cent,

of the resinous productof reaction of etl'urlene glycol, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride and stearic acid. said resinous reaction product being compatible with the synthetic wax of (1) and (3) tricresyl phosphate constituting the remainder. Such an impregnating compound meets the re- "quirements set forth in the fifth paragraph of this specification, both as to the compound per se and to permeable materials, e. g., asbestosthe comtoluene, etc., followed by baking of the coated ang i m- In the accompanying drawing are shown by .way of illustration sectional views of different articles containing the new wax-resin compositions of this invention. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an insulated electrical conductor comprising a conducting core, e. g., copper wire, en-

veloped by insulation comprising permeable material, more particularly fibrous material such as paper. or cotton, silk, nylon, rayon, glass fibers, 1 asbestos, mineral wool, etc., in thread, felted,

fabric or other form, said permeable material being coated and at least partly impregnated with my new wax-resin composition; and Fig. 2 is a similar view of a sheet of permeable material, e. g., sheet asbestos, coated and at least partly impregnated with the wax-resin composition of this invention.

In order that those skilled in the art better may understand how the present invention may be carried into effect, the following examples are given by way oi illustration and not by way of limitation. All parts and percentages are by weight.

Exnrrani A. Preparation of was:

In the following formula the "mixture of monoamyi amines" reiers to a product having the foliowing specification:

- about was obtained, requiring about 7 hours heating at such temperature. The resin had a penetration of 34 200 gram weight, 5 seconds. 6.: method: A. S. T. M. designation Div-25).

wax-resin composition cresyl phosphate 10 were compounded together by adding the wax to the hot. melted resin, followed by the plasticizer,

and thoroughly stirring the mass to iorm a homogeneous mixture.

The plasticized wax-resin composition was tested on rats. It was found to be non-toxic physiologically from contact, from ingestion and from absorption through the lungs oi vapors resulting irom heating the composition. It had a specific gravity of 1.45 at 25 C.. a brittleness point of 60 at 0 C. (method: A. S. T. M. designa- 4 tion D176-42T) and the following other char- Color Water-white Specific gravity at 20 C. 0.76-0.78 Water dilution At least 20:1 Monamyl amine content At least Distillation: I

Initial boiling point Not below 84 C. Not less than Below C. Final boiling point Not above- C. It is a mixture of the various monoamyi amines including: Approximate'boiling p0int,"'C. Tertiary amyl amine 82 Secondary isoamyl amine 87 2-aminopentane 89 3-arninopentane 90 Active amyl amine 94 Isoamyl amine 95 Normal amyl amine 104 v Parts Inert diluent, comprising a mixed aliphatic aromatic hydrocarbon solvent described below 1,750 Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 1,750 Mixture of monoamyl amines 550 Nous tig'iihis hydrocarbon solvent has the following specifier gficlfic ravity (15.5/155' C.)--- (1820-0330 tilla on:

Initial boilin point, maximum 90 C. 90% distille 0E. maximum 128 C. End point. maximum- C.

Line No., maximum 22 ture of monoamyl amines was added wlth vigorous stirring to-the closed vessel at such a rate that there was no'loss of amine from the condenser. The ingredients were heated together 7 under reflux at the boiling temperature of the mass for about 2 hours. The water 0! reaction. dilutent and any unreacted amine were removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure. When the liquid temperature had reached about to C., vacuum was gradually applied while maintaining the temperature of the mass at about 140to 145 C. When no more distillate could be obtained. the reaction product was withdrawn from the reaction vessel and allowed to solidify. I The solid material was a synthetic wax containing about 40 per cent combined chlorine and having an acid number of 32 (with phenol red as indicator) and a solidification point of 128'-l30 C. Such waxes are claimed in my copending application Serial No. 603,240, filed concurrently herewith and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.

B. Preparation of resin Approximate per cent Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 66.0 Ethylene glycol 18.75 Stearic acid (commercial grade) 14.95 Trlphenyl phosphlte 1 0.3

The triphenI-g phosphite is an oxidation inhibitor and aids in prevent g discoloration oi the resin.

The tetraacteristics:

- C.. Melting point 30 .minutes after preparation of sample 101 Melting point 2% hours after preparation oi sample 101 -Melting point 19 hours after preparation of sample 5 100 Saybolt Furol viscosity:

Tomp.,'C. Seconds 114 zas m m2 150 13.8 104 13.0

Penetration 2% hours after preparation of sample 25 Penetration 5 hours after preparation of sample 24 Penetration 24 hours after preparation of sample 22 i 100 gram weight. 5 seconds, 25' C.

Saturation tests were made on short lengths of 150,000 circular mil cable wound with two servings of asbestos roving. heated to 125 C. prior to immersion in the composition heated to 150 C. After only 15 seconds immersion both servings were saturated. After 30 seconds, immersion there was slightly more compound on the inside surface of the inner serving than shown by the specimen immersed ior 15 seconds.

EXAMPLE 2 Per cent (approximately) Wax of 1-A 41 Resin of 1-3 50 Tricresyl phosphate 9 The cable samples were j Exams: 3

Same as in Example 2 with the exception that approximately 40% wax, 49% resin and 11% tricresyl phosphate were used. The finished wire had physical and electrical properties similar to the corresponding product oi! Example 2.

Exmu: 4 A. Preparation of was:

. Parts Tetrahlorophthalic anhydride 286 Commercial grade of dodecyl amine 185 The above ingredientswere heated together under a stream of nitrogen in a closed reaction vessel, the temperature being raised gradually over a period or 2 to 3 hours to 190 to 200 C. At the end of this reaction period, the product had an acid number about 15. The crude product. which comprised N-dodecyl tetrachlorophthalimide, was a waxy substance having a fibrous. crystalline structure. It was neither brittle nor soft, but had physical propertiesintermediate between these extremes. It contained approximately 31.4 per cent by weight of chlorine. It was flame-resisting, and had a solidification point of 125-128 C.

; B. Preparation of resin Per cent (approximately) Ethylene glycol 17.0 Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 72.3 Coconut oil fatty acids 10.7

were cooked together under a nitrogen atmosphere at 140-160 C. for hour. after which the temperature was raised to 200-210 C. The rescribed under A 01 Example 4, yielding a waxy v C. Preparation 0/ wax-resin composition Per cent (approximately) Wax oi 4-A 6O Resin 0! B 25 Tricresyl phosphate 15 were mixed together as described under Example 1. Asbestos impregnated with the resulting composition was flame-resisting and had a dry finish.

"Emma: 6

A. Preparation o/wa:

Tetrachiorophthalic anhydrlde 286 Commercial grade of octadecyl amine 269 I The above ingredients were caused to react under'conditions similar to the reaction conditions substance having a solidification point oi 120-122 C., but with other properties much the same as the wax o! 4-A. However, its chlorine content is somewhat lower (about 26% a compared with approximately 31.4% for the 4-A wax) and hence its flame resistance is less.

B. The resin of l-B was compounded with the above wax in making the wax-resin compositions described under C.

1 4 C. Preparation of wax-resin compositions Per Cent (Approximately) Wm: of A 45 .5 Reslnoi l-B 45 g 5 2 ...Tricresylphospliats 10 '10 10.0 10 10 solidification point, 0.- 106 104 l02 100 Acid number 10 10.5 ll

The method of compounding was essentially the same as described under Example 1. Asbestoscovered fixture wirewas impregnated with each oi the above compositions. All had good flame resistance. with (a) being the best and the others with-decreasing flame resistance as compared action was continued at this higher temperature until a resinous product having an acid value of 10 was obtained. The total reaction period was 17 hours.

C. Preparation 0} war-resin composition Per cent (approximately) Wax of A Resin of B 25 Tricresyl phosphate 15 were compounded together in essentially the same manner described under Example 1. Asbestos impregnated with this composition was flame-resisting and had a dry finish.

ExAmuS A. In this example the same wax was used as described under the preceding example.

3. Preparation of resin Per cent (approximately) Ethylene glycol 17.7 Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 74.3 Stearic acid (commercial grade) 8.0

were heated together as in Example 4-B until a resin having an acid number oi 8 was obtained, requiring a total heating period or 16 hours.

with (a). Compositions (a). (b), (c) and (d) yielded insulated wires having good, dry, waxy finishes, with (a) being the best. Aninsulated wire made with composition (e) was not so good from the standpoint of dryness and waxiness of finish as the others. In general. the series as a whole met the other requirements set forth in the fifth paragraph of this specification.

Exmu'l .Preparation of wax-resin composition Per cent (approximately) Wax 0f 4-A 60 Resin of l-B 40 Exmrts 8 v Preparation of wax-resin composition Per cent (approximately) Wax or l-A- 45 Resin of l- 55 described under Example l-A.

comprising N-n-butyl tetrachlorophthalimide was 9 The above ingredients were mmed together, yielding a name-resisting composition. Tricresyl phosphate was then added as described under Example 7 to give a product having a penetration (200 gram weight, seconds, 25 C.) of 84.

Asbestos-covered fixture wire was impregnated with the plasticized wax-resin composition The lent. The electrical properties also were good, but the low-temperature flexibility was not so from such amines contain more chlorine and therefore have better flame resistance than waxes made from amines having a larger number of carbon atoms.

Instead of employing resins such as described 5 :in the above examples. I may use (depending,

good as an asbestos-covered 'wire impregnated with the plasticized wax-resin composition of Example 1. The finished wire met the other "requirements given specification.

It will be understood. of course. by those skilled in the art that my invention is not limited to the Exams 9 Parts Inert hydrocarbon solvent (described in Example 1) 150 Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 143 n-Butyl amine 37 Essentially the same procedure was iollowed as The product a very translucent, crystalline (large, plate-like crystals), waxy solid having an acid number of 14.7 and a solidification point oi Dir-144' C.

Instead of using resins and waxes maderirom tetrachlorophthalic anhydrlde, I may employresins and waxes made from tetrachlorophthalic acid: or, where compositions of lesser flame resistance are-sultable for the particular applicaproperty, I may use resins and waxes made from in the fifth paragraph oi this i'or'example, upon the particular properties dennish on the wire was excellent in its wan. dry ieeling. The fiame resistance likewise was excelsired in the resin-wax composition and its particular application) resins such as described under Examples 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11 of Nordlander and Cass application Serial No. 603,268, filed concur- .rently herewith and assigned to the same as- ,'..-signec as the present invention.

I do not claim as my invention theresins used in making the claimed. my invention does not reside in a resinous prod- *uctof reaction oi ingredients including a glycol wax-resin compositions herein described and More particularly it may be stated that and tetrachlorophthallc acid or anhydride, which reaction product has incorporated therein. e. g., at least in part by chemical combination. a modiiying substance selected from the class consisting of (1) fatty oils, (2) fatty acids having from 10 to 33 carbon atoms, inclusive, and (3) fats and waxes containing the fattyacids defined in (2). Such resinous reaction products are the invention of Birger W. Nordlander and William E. Cass and are claimed in the aforementioned Nordlander and Cass application.

The following example shows another resin that may be employed in my new wax-resin compositions:

Exmnx'm Approximate per cent "Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 63.4 Propylene-glycol Y 22.0 Oleic'a 14.3 Triphenyl phosphite n 0.3

The above ingredients were heated together j under a'nitrogen atmosphere. for 9 hours at .200 to- 210' C. The resultingflamejresisting tion, or where flame resistance is not an essential Insteadot. using ethylene glycol or propylene glycol in preparing the resihT'other glyddlsmay mono-, dior tri-chlorophthalic acid or anhy-v Illustrative examples oi other monoamines (primary amines) that may be used in the preparation of the wax are methyl amine, ethyl amine, methyl ethyl amine. isopropyl amine, isobutyl amine, hexyl amines, heptyl amines, octyl amines, nonyl amines. decyl amines. pentadecyl amines,

hexadecyl amines, allyl amine, methallyl amine, toiyl amines, naphthyl amines, benzyl amine, alpha-phenylethyl amine. beta-phenylethyl amine, cinnamyl amine, octadecenyl amine, ethylphenyl amines, propylphenyl amines, chlorinated phenyl amines, e. g.. mono-. di-. tri-, tetraand pentachlorophenyl amines, chlorinated naphthyl amines, nuclearly chlorinated benzyl amines, cinnamyl amines, tolyl amines. phenylethyl amines, allylphenyl amines, etc. the nuclearly chlorinated aromatic, aliphaticaromatic and aromatic-aliphatic amines. the number of chlorine atoms in the aromatic nucleus may range from 1 up to the combining power oi the particular nucleus. I prefer to use a primary amine having from to l to 16 or 18 carbon atoms. inclusive, more particularly up to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive, and specifically irom 3 to 12 carbon atoms. inclusive, since waxes made 'Various fats, waxes, fatty oils and iatty cids of the kind broadly described'fii the se'tiondparagraph of this specification may beused asthe modifying substance in the preparatj9n 9 thc resin. Illustrative examples of such substances are: tung oil, soya bean oll,.oiticica oil, castor oil, coconut oil. fish oils, perilla oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil. etc., the fatty acids of In the case of such fatty oils, capric acid, undecyclic acid,

achidic acid, linoleic acid, linolinic acid, carnaubic acid, cerotic acid. lacceroic acid, montanic acid. melissic acid, psyllic acid, etc., tallow and other animal fats, beeswax. bayberry wax, carnauba wax, tristearin, vegetable stearln, specifically completely hydrogenated cottonseed oil, Japan wax, candelilla wax, palm wax, flax wax. cottonseed wax, spermaceti, etc.

In making the resin the proportions of reactants may be varied considerably, depending upon the particular properties desired in the resin and in wax-resin compositions made therefrom. Ordinarily the glycol is used in a slight molar excess, e. g., a 10 or 15% molar excess, of that re quired for reaction with the chlorinated phthalic acid or anhydride, but lower or higher amounts (e. g.. as little as about 5% molar excess or as much as about molar excess) may be employed depending. for instance. upon the kind and amount of modifying substance employed. The amount or modifier may be varied considerably. but usually will constitute from about 5 to 25% by weight of the total starting ingredients.

When the resinous productis to be used in making wax-resin compositions where flame resistance is a property of considerable importance, for example as an impregnant of flame-resistant,

insulated wires and cables. then the amount of modifier preferably is such that the amount of chlorine in the final resin is not below and preferably is from about to by weight of the resin.

It will be understood also that my invention is not limited to the particular proportions of wax and resin given in the above illustrative examples,

since the proportions may be varied depending, for example. upon the particular wax and resin employed. the kind and amount of plasticizer. if any. that is used. the properties desired in the wax-resin composition, and the particular appli- 1 cation in which the plastlcized or unplasticized wax-resin composition is to be employed. Ordinarily, however, the wax and resin are combined in proportions ranging from about 10 to 90 per cent. more particularly from about 25 to 75 per cent. by weight of the former to from about 90 to 10 per cent. more specifically from about 75 to 25 per cent. by weight of the latter. Dielectric textile materials, e. g.. materials comprisin inorganic fibers. or natural or synthetic organic fibers. They may be employed in treating filaments. threads, yarns, etc.. of cotton, silk, nylon, rayon, casein, polymeric vinylidene chloride, etc.. or fabrics woven or otherwise formed from such materials or combinations thereof, in order to impart improved properties. e. g.. a smooth. waxy, waterand flame-resisting finish. to the material undergoing treatment.

. The waxiqiithcompositiom o1 this invention also may be used as modifiers of other materials,

-- e. g.. parafiin wax, asphalt or other bituminous materials of petroleum or coal-tar origin to provide improved properties therein. They may be used as a dielectric material alone or in combination with other dielectrics, e. 8., oils. or as an impregnant of. or otherwise combined with paper. Cellophane. cellulose esters. e. g.. cellulose electrical coils. especially those which. in use. do

not become heated to temperatures above the melting point of the composition. This latter application is possible because. in general. my new wax-resin compositions have a viscosity at 150 materials comprisin a composition including essentially a substantially homogeneous mixture of the hereindescribed wax and resin within these proportions are particularly useful in the field of electrical insulation.

In cases where flexibility. especially at low temv peratures, e, g.. 0' 0.. is desired in my new wax-- resin compositions or in flexible, permeable maj C. comparable with the room-temperature viscosity or an impregnating varnish cut with a solvent.

" what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

terials impregnated with such compositions, a a

plasticizer (preferably a flame-resisting plasti- J cizer. e. g.. tricresyl phosphate) should be incorporated into the composition.

tions may require. Ordinarily. however, the plas- The amount of plasticizer may be varied as desired or as conditicized wax-resin compositions of this invention.

e. g., hot-melt impregnating compounds, will comprise, by weight, from about 75 to 99 per cent of a mixture consisting of the synthetic wax and resinous composition broadly described in the second paragraph or this specification (and more specifically elsewhere herein) and from about 1 1. A composition of matter comprising. by weight, (1) from 10 to 90 per cent of a synthetic '40 wax comprising an N-substituted chlorophthalimide obtained by reacting under heat a mixture 1 comprising a primary monoamine and a chlorinated compound selected from the class consisting of chlorinated phthalic acids and anhydrides, the said monoamine being present in a molar amount sufficient to form an N-substituted chlorophthalimide, and (2) from 90 to 10 per cent of a resinous composition comprising the product of reaction under heat of ingredients including a chlorinated compound selected from the class consisting of chlorinated phthalic acids and anhydrides as defined in (1) and a glycol which is present in from a 5 to 25 per cent molar to 25 per cent or a plasticizer, e. g.. tricresyl phosphate. for the said mixture. Illustrative examples of other plasticizers that may be used are dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate. dibenzyl sebacate, triphenyl phosphate, dicapryl phth'alate.

etc.

The plasticized and unplasticized wax-resin compositions of this invention have a wide variety of commercial applications. The plasticized compositions are especially valuable as saturants, either as hot-melt compounds or. dissolved in a solvent. as solution-type impregnants, forinsulated wires and cables wherein the insulation comprises a flexible, permeable insulating material, e. g., asbestos, glass fibers, mineral wool, etc. They may be us-d in protectively covering metallic surfaces to prevent corrosion and in treating, for example. wood to prevent decay, The flameresisting character of these compositions makes them especially suitable for use. along or with other ingredients. e. g.. a volatile solvent. in coating or coating and impregnating fabric and other excess over the chlorinated compound, said reaction product having at least in part chemically incorporated therein a modifying substance which is present in an amount equal to from 5 to 25 percent. by weight, of the total starting ingredients and which is selected from the class consisting of (a) fatty oils, (b) fatty acids having from 10 to 33 carbon atoms, inclusive, and (c) fats and waxes containing the fatty acids defined in (b), and said resinous composition of (2) being compatible with the synthetic wax of (l).

2. A composition of matter comprising, by weight, (1) from 10 to per cent of a synthetic wax comprising an N-substituted chlorophthalimlde obtained by reacting under heat a mixture comprising a primary monoamine and chlorinated phthallc anhydride, the said monoamine being present in a slight molar excess suillcient to form an N-substituted chlorophthalimide and (2) from 90 to 10 percent of a resinous composition comprising the product of reaction under heat of ingredients including a chlorinated phthalic an'nvczrizie and a signal which is present in from a to 25 per cent molar excess over .the chlorinated phthalic anhydride, said reaction product having at least in part chemically incorporated therein from 5 to 25 percent. by weight, of the total starting ingredients of a modifying substance selected from the class consisting of (a) fatty oils. (b) fatty acids having from to 33 carbon atoms, inelusive, and (c) fats and waxes containing the fatty acids defined in (b), and said resinous composition of (2) being compatible with the synthetic wax of (1).

3. A composition as in claim2 wherein the chlorinated pl'ithalic anhydride of (1) and (2) is tetrachlorophthalic anhydride.

4. A hot-melt impregnating compound comprising, by weight, from about 75 to 99 per cent of a mixture consisting of the following compatible ingredients: a synthetic-wax and a resinous composition each as defined and in the proportions as stated in claim 1; andfrom about 1 to 25 per cent of a plasticizer for the said mixture.

5. A composition comprisin by weight, (1) from 10 to 90 per cent of a synthetic wax comprising an N-substituted tetrachlorophthalimide obtained by reacting under heat a mixture comprising a primary monoamine and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, the same monoamine being 14 point not higher than 110' C., the said mixture 01' monoamyl amines being present a slight molar excess sufllcient to form the mixture of N-substituted tetrachlorophthalimides, and (2) from 90 to 10 per cent oi a resinous product of reaction under heat of ethylene glycol, t t chlorophthalic anhydride, and stcaric acid, th said glycol being present in from a 5 to 25 er centmolar excess over the tetrachlorophthalle anhydride, and the stearic acid being present in an amount equal to from 5 to 25 per cent, by

' weight. of the total starting ingredients.

present in a slight molar excess sufiicient to form the- N-substltuted tetrachlorophthalimlde, and (2) from 90 to 10 per cent of a resinous com-' position comprising the product of reaction under.

heat of ingredients including a glycol, tetrachiorophthalie anhydride, anda fatty acid having from 10 to 33 carbon atoms, inclusive, the said glycol being present in from a 5 to 25 per cent molar excess over the tetrachlorphthaiic anhydride, and the said fatty acid being present in an amount equal to from 5 to 25 per cent,

by weight. of the total starting ingredients.

6. A composition as in claim 1 wherein thesynthetic wax is obtained by effecting reaction under heat between tetrachlorophthalic anhydride and a mixture of primary monoamines including essentially a plurality 01' primary nonoa'myl amines having an initial boiling point of at least 84 C., at least 95 per cent distilling of! below 100' C. and a final boiling point not higher than 110 0., wherein the mixture of monoamines is present in a slight molar excess suiiicient to form the mixture of N-substituted tetrachlorophthalimides.

7. A composition as in claim 1 wherein the resinous composition comprises the product of reaction 01' a glycol. tetrachlorophthalic anhy dride and stearic acid. a

8. A dielectric material comprising a composition including essentially a homogeneous mixture of. by weight, from about 10 to 90 per cent of the synthetic wax defined in claim 1 and from about 90 to 10 per cent of the resinous composition defined in claim 1.

9.'A hot-melt, impregnating compound comprising, by weight, (1) from 10 to 90 per cent of a synthetic wax comprising a mixture of N- substituted tetrachlorophthalimides and being the product of reaction under heat between tetrachlorophthalic anhydride and a mixture of primary monoamines including essentially a plurality of monoamyl amine having an initial boiling point of at least 84 C., at least 95 per cent distilling of! below 100' 0., and a final boilin '10. A hot-melt impregnating compound as in claim 9 which includes in addition about 5 to 25 per cent, by weight of the compound, of tricresyi phosphate.

11. An impregnating compound comprising, by weight, (1) from 35 to 45 per cent of a synthetic wax comprising an N-substituted tetrachlorophthalimide and being the product of reaction under heat between tetrachiorophthalic anhydride and a mixture of primary monoamines including the following mixed primary monoamyl amines: tertiary amyl amine, secondary isoamyl amine. Z-aminopentane, S-aminopentane, active amyl amine, isoamyl amine, and normal amyi amine, said mixed monoamyl amines have an initial boiling point of at least 84 C., at least 95 per cent distilling off below 100 C., and a final boiling point not higher than 110 0.; the said mixture of monoamyl amines being present in a slight molar excess suiiicient to form the mixture of N-substituted tetrachlorophthalimides, (2) from 4'5 to 55 per cent of the resinous product of reaction under heat of a mixture comprising ethylene glycol. tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, and stearic acid, the said glycol being present in from a 5 to 25 per cent molar excess over the tetraohlorophthalic .anhydride, and the said stearic acid being present in an. amount equal to from 5 to 25 per cent, by weight, of the total starting ingredients. said resinous reaction prodnot being compatible "with the synthetic wax of 1) and (3) tricresyl phosphate constituting the N-substituted tetrachlorophthalimide obtained by reacting under heat a mixture comprising a primary monoamine having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, inclusive, and tetrachiorophthalic anhydride, the said primary monoamine being present in a slight molar excess suflicient to form the N-substituted tetrachlorophthalimide, and (2) from 90 to 10 per cent of a resinous composition compatible with the synthetic wax of (1), said resinous composition comprising the product of reaction under heat of a glycol and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride wherein the glycol is present in from a 5 to 25 per cent molar excess over the tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, said resinous reaction product having at least in part chemically combined therein a modifying substance selected from the class consisting of (a) fatty oils, (b) fatty acids having from 10 to 33 carbon atoms, inclusive, and (c) fats and waxes containing the fatty acids defined in (b) the chosen glycol and modifying substance and the proportions of glycol, tetrachlorophthaiic anhydride and modifying substance being such that the said resinous composition of (2) contains at least 30 per cent, by weight, of chlorine, and the modifying substance is present in an amount equal to from 5 to per cent. by weight, of the total starting ingredients.

13. An insulated electrical conductor wherein the insulation comprising fibrous material coated and impregnated with a flame-resisting homogeneous mixture of ingredients including, by

' weight. 1) from to per cent of a synthetic and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, the saidmoncamine being present in a slight molar excess sufllcient to form the N-substltuted tetrachloro phthalirnide. (2) from 45 to per cent 01 a resinous composition compatible with the synthetic wax of (1) said resinous composition comprising the product of reaction under heat of a glycol. tetrachlorophthalic anhydride and a fatty acid having from 14 to 30 carbon atoms. inclusive. wherein the glycol is present in from a 5 to 25 per cent molar excess over the tetrachloro- Number phthalic anhydride, the chosen glycol and moditying substance and the proportions of glycol,'

15 5 to 25 per cent. by weight, of the total starting ingredients. and (3) from 5 to 25 per cent, by weight, of the said mixture of a flame-resisting plasticizer for the aforementioned mixed ingredients.

14. An insulated electrical conductor wherein the insulation comprises asbestos coated and impregnated with the impregnating compound of claim 11. 10

I GEORGE J BOHRER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are oi record in the file or this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date 2,028,716 Delaney Jan. 21, 1938 2,072,770 Reid n.--" Mar. 2, 1937 2,108,523 Ellis Jan. 25, 1938 2,298,295 Hyatt Oct. 13, 1942 2,354,110 Ford July 18, 1944 2,370,046 Keyes Feb. 20, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 119,712 Australia Mar. 14, 1945 Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,443,887. June 22, 1948.

GEORGE J. BOHRER It is hereby certified that errors appear in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Column 2, line 34, strike out the word "sh0uld, second occurrence; column 7, line 20, for Tetrahlorophthalic read Tetra chlorophthalic; column 8, line 19, for scribed read described; and that the said Letters J Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Otfice. 4

Signed and sealed this 9th day of November, A. D. 1948.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents.

rr l p w j Certificate of Correction it Patent No. 2,443,887. 'June 22, 1948.

GEORGE J. BOHRER It is hereby certified that errors appear in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Column 2, line 34, strike out the word should, second occurrence; column 7, line 20, for Tetrahlorophthalic read Tetra- J chlorophthalic; column 8, line 19, for scribed read described; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflfice.

Signed and sealed this 9th day of November, A. D. 1948.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents. 

